Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil for the pasta.
In a large bowl (or stand mixer), combine all the turkey meatball ingredients: ground turkey, Italian breadcrumbs, egg, Parmesan, parsley, oregano, and salt. Mix until just combined — don’t overmix.
Roll the mixture into meatballs (about 1½ inches) and place them on the prepared baking sheet. Bake for 25 minutes, or until cooked through.
While the meatballs bake, heat the olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add the diced onion, crushed red pepper, and minced garlic. Cook for about 5 minutes until the onion softens.
Stir in the crushed tomatoes, tomato paste, black pepper, sugar, and fresh basil. Simmer the sauce while the meatballs and pasta finish cooking.
Cook the whole wheat spaghetti according to the package directions. Drain well.
Add the cooked pasta and baked turkey meatballs to the tomato basil sauce. Gently toss everything together until well coated.
Serve hot with extra Parmesan and fresh basil if desired.